In the Mediterranean basin, viticulture is essential for the socioeconomic development of the producing regions, which often lack other viable economic alternatives. In addition to its economic weight, it has significant social value, due to the population dependent on this activity, which maintains the rural areas and plays a key role in the preservation of the environment [1,2]. The climate projections for Europe and, specifically, Spain [3,4,5] show the regions of Southern Europe and the Mediterranean arc, especially the south and east of the Iberian Peninsula, to be those that would need to make the greatest adaptation efforts at the highest costs to maintain the quality and productivity of their vineyards, since these regions will experience more severe water stress and changes of greater magnitude than other viticultural areas [4].

In the southeast of Spain, the vine is of great importance as an agroforestry crop; the removal of vineyards can lead to the abandonment of cultivated lands and the consequent problems of erosion and desertification [6,7].